Статальные глаголы в английском языке — Публикации
Статальные глаголы (State Verbs) — это глаголы, которые выражают состояние, а не действие. Следовательно, они не употребляются в группе Continuous, в том числе в Present Continuous. Вместо этого используется Present Simple.
Чтобы легче запомнить статальные глаголы, логичнее разделить их на группы и выучить только название групп и пару примеров.
1. Симпатия/ антипатия.
to love, to like, to hate, to enjoy, to prefer, to adore (обожать), to envy (завидовать), to trust (доверять), to mind.
I like chocolate.
2. Восприятие окружающей действительности органами чувств.
to see, to hear, to smell (пахнуть), to taste, to feel, to look (выглядеть), to sound (звучать).
Часто с этими глаголами употребляется модальный глагол can/ could.
I can see him in the distance.
3. Глаголы умственной активности.
to know, to believe, to understand, to realize (осознавать), to remember, to forget, to notice, to recognize (опознавать), to think, to seem (казаться), to see (понимать), to expect (ожидать), to imagine, to mean (иметь в виду).
I understand the rule now.
4. Глаголы владения и существования.
Possession (владение): ti have, to possess, to keep (содержать), to own (владеть), to owe (быть должным), to belong (принадлежать), to cost (стоить), to contain (содержать), to include (включать в себя).
Existence (существование): to be, to exist, to fit (подходить), to mean (значить), to matter (иметь значение).
Now I possess a beautiful garfen.
He is a teacher.
5. Глаголы впечателения.
to agree, to surprise (удивлять), to satisfy (удовлетворять), to impress (впечатлять), to astonish (изумлять), to deny (отрицать), to please (доставлять удовольствие).
Но существуют статальные глаголы с несколькими значениями. В одном значении глагол может быть статальным, а в другом — нет (то есть может употребляться в группе времен Continuous). Перечислим эти глаголы.
| Present Simple | Present Continuous |
1. to think | Иметь мнение, синоним “believe” I think he is a fool. | Думать I am sitting and thinking of you now. |
2. To taste (глагол-связка) | Иметь вкус The food tastes good. | Пробовать I am tasting the food. |
3. To see | Видеть, понимать I can see a high building. I see what you said. | Встречаться I am seeing my doctor tomorrow. |
4. To look (глагол-связка) | Выглядеть You look good. | Смотреть на что-либо I am looking at the dog. |
5. To smell (глагол-связка) | Пахнуть The flower smells pleasant. | Нюхать I’m smelling a flower. |
6. To feel (глагол-связка) | Чувствовать I feel good. | Трогать She is feeling her son’s forehead. |
7. To have | Иметь I have a car. | Выражения с неопределенным артиклем, обозначающие однократное действие: to have a bath, to have a shower, to have a smoke, to have a baby, to have a walk, to have a swim, to have a talk, to have a chat и т.д. He is having a talk in the corridor at the moment. |
8. To weigh | Весить The baggage weighs 5 kilos. | Взвешивать The shop-assistant is weighing tomatoes. |
9. To fit | Подходить, соответствовать, быть по размеру The dress fits me. | Вставлять, врезать We are fitting a new lock. |
10. To appear | Казаться He appears to be a nervous person. | Появляться, принимать участие She is appearing at the play. |
11. To be | Быть (обычно о характере) He is careful. | Вести себя (обычно с прилагательными careful, silly, polite, lazy…) He is being careful. |
Примечание.
1. Глагол enjoy в одном и том же значении «любить вообще» статален и не употребляется в группе времен Continuous.
I enjoy parties.
Но если нам надо подчеркнуть свои предпочтения в конкретной ситуации, то упортебляется.
I am enjoying this party.
2. Глаголы look (в значении выглядеть), feel (чувствовать), hurt (причинять боль), ache [eik] (болеть) используются и в группе времен Simple, и в Continuous.
You look great today. — You are looking great today.
My back hurts me. — My back is hurting me.
3. Глаголы refuse (отказываться), agree (соглашаться), envy (завидовать), believe (верить), respect (уважать) могут ошибочно восприниматься как действие, будьте внимательны.
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Спряжение глагола to enjoy в английском языке, во всех временах
Глагол to enjoy – правильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: получать удовольствие; наслаждаться; пользоваться; обладать.
Infinitive | to enjoy |
---|---|
Simple past | enjoyed |
Past participle | enjoyed |
-s | enjoys |
-ing | enjoying |
Enjoy in present simple
Утверждение
I enjoy
You enjoy
He enjoys
She enjoys
It enjoys
We enjoy
You enjoy
They enjoy
Отрицание
I do not enjoy
You do not enjoy
He does not enjoy
She does not enjoy
It does not enjoy
We do not enjoy
You do not enjoy
They do not enjoy
Вопрос
Do I enjoy?
Do you enjoy?
Does he enjoy?
Does she enjoy?
Does it enjoy?
Do we enjoy?
Do you enjoy?
Do they enjoy?
Enjoy in present continuous
Утверждение
I am enjoying
You are enjoying
He is enjoying
She is enjoying
It is enjoying
We are enjoying
You are enjoying
They are enjoying
Отрицание
I am not enjoying
You are not enjoying
He is not enjoying
She is not enjoying
It is not enjoying
We are not enjoying
You are not enjoying
They are not enjoying
Вопрос
Am I enjoying?
Are you enjoying?
Is he enjoying?
Is she enjoying?
Is it enjoying?
Are we enjoying?
Are you enjoying?
Are they enjoying?
Enjoy in present perfect
Утверждение
I have enjoyed
You have enjoyed
He has enjoyed
She has enjoyed
It has enjoyed
We have enjoyed
You have enjoyed
They have enjoyed
Отрицание
I have not enjoyed
You have not enjoyed
He has not enjoyed
She has not enjoyed
It has not enjoyed
We have not enjoyed
You have not enjoyed
They have not enjoyed
Вопрос
Have I enjoyed?
Have you enjoyed?
Has he enjoyed?
Has she enjoyed?
Has it enjoyed?
Have we enjoyed?
Have you enjoyed?
Have they enjoyed?
Enjoy in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
I have been enjoying
You have been enjoying
He has been enjoying
She has been enjoying
It has been enjoying
We have been enjoying
You have been enjoying
They have been enjoying
Отрицание
I have not been enjoying
You have not been enjoying
He has not been enjoying
She has not been enjoying
It has not been enjoying
We have not been enjoying
You have not been enjoying
They have not been enjoying
Вопрос
Have I been enjoying?
Have you been enjoying?
Has he been enjoying?
Has she been enjoying?
Has it been enjoying?
Have we been enjoying?
Have you been enjoying?
Have they been enjoying?
Enjoy in past simple
Утверждение
I enjoyed
You enjoyed
He enjoyed
She enjoyed
It enjoyed
We enjoyed
You enjoyed
They enjoyed
Отрицание
I did not enjoy
You did not enjoy
He did not enjoy
She did not enjoy
It did not enjoy
We did not enjoy
You did not enjoy
They did not enjoy
Вопрос
Did I enjoy?
Did you enjoy?
Did he enjoy?
Did she enjoy?
Did it enjoy?
Did we enjoy?
Did you enjoy?
Did they enjoy?
Enjoy in past continuous
Утверждение
I was enjoying
You were enjoying
He was enjoying
She was enjoying
It was enjoying
We were enjoying
You were enjoying
They were enjoying
Отрицание
I was not enjoying
You were not enjoying
He was not enjoying
She was not enjoying
It was not enjoying
We were not enjoying
You were not enjoying
They were not enjoying
Вопрос
Was I enjoying?
Were you enjoying?
Was he enjoying?
Was she enjoying?
Was it enjoying?
Were we enjoying?
Were you enjoying?
Were they enjoying?
Enjoy in past perfect
Утверждение
I had enjoyed
You had enjoyed
He had enjoyed
She had enjoyed
It had enjoyed
We had enjoyed
You had enjoyed
They had enjoyed
Отрицание
I had not enjoyed
You had not enjoyed
He had not enjoyed
She had not enjoyed
It had not enjoyed
We had not enjoyed
You had not enjoyed
They had not enjoyed
Вопрос
Had I enjoyed?
Had you enjoyed?
Had he enjoyed?
Had she enjoyed?
Had it enjoyed?
Had we enjoyed?
Had you enjoyed?
Had they enjoyed?
Enjoy in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
I had been enjoying
You had been enjoying
He had been enjoying
She had been enjoying
It had been enjoying
We had been enjoying
You had been enjoying
They had been enjoying
Отрицание
I had not been enjoying
You had not been enjoying
He had not been enjoying
She had not been enjoying
It had not been enjoying
We had not been enjoying
You had not been enjoying
They had not been enjoying
Вопрос
Had I been enjoying?
Had you been enjoying?
Had he been enjoying?
Had she been enjoying?
Had it been enjoying?
Had we been enjoying?
Had you been enjoying?
Had they been enjoying?
Enjoy in future simple
Утверждение
I will enjoy
You will enjoy
He will enjoy
She will enjoy
It will enjoy
We will enjoy
You will enjoy
They will enjoy
Отрицание
I will not enjoy
You will not enjoy
He will not enjoy
She will not enjoy
It will not enjoy
We will not enjoy
You will not enjoy
They will not enjoy
Вопрос
Will I enjoy?
Will you enjoy?
Will he enjoy?
Will she enjoy?
Will it enjoy?
Will we enjoy?
Will you enjoy?
Will they enjoy?
Enjoy in future continuous
Утверждение
I will be enjoying
You will be enjoying
He will be enjoying
She will be enjoying
It will be enjoying
We will be enjoying
You will be enjoying
They will be enjoying
Отрицание
I will not be enjoying
You will not be enjoying
He will not be enjoying
She will not be enjoying
It will not be enjoying
We will not be enjoying
You will not be enjoying
They will not be enjoying
Вопрос
Will I be enjoying?
Will you be enjoying?
Will he be enjoying?
Will she be enjoying?
Will it be enjoying?
Will we be enjoying?
Will you be enjoying?
Will they be enjoying?
Enjoy in future perfect
Утверждение
I will have enjoyed
You will have enjoyed
He will have enjoyed
She will have enjoyed
It will have enjoyed
We will have enjoyed
You will have enjoyed
They will have enjoyed
Отрицание
I will not have enjoyed
You will not have enjoyed
He will not have enjoyed
She will not have enjoyed
It will not have enjoyed
We will not have enjoyed
You will not have enjoyed
They will not have enjoyed
Вопрос
Will I haveenjoyed?
Will you haveenjoyed?
Will he haveenjoyed?
Will she haveenjoyed?
Will it haveenjoyed?
Will we haveenjoyed?
Will you haveenjoyed?
Will they haveenjoyed?
Enjoy in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
I will have been enjoying
You will have been enjoying
He will have been enjoying
She will have been enjoying
It will have been enjoying
We will have been enjoying
You will have been enjoying
They will have been enjoying
Отрицание
I will not have been enjoying
You will not have been enjoying
He will not have been enjoying
She will not have been enjoying
It will not have been enjoying
We will not have been enjoying
You will not have been enjoying
They will not have been enjoying
Вопрос
Will I have been enjoying?
Will you have been enjoying?
Will he have been enjoying?
Will she have been enjoying?
Will it have been enjoying?
Will we have been enjoying?
Will you have been enjoying?
Will they have been enjoying?
Enjoy in conditional present
Утверждение
I would enjoy
You would enjoy
He would enjoy
She would enjoy
It would enjoy
We would enjoy
You would enjoy
They would enjoy
Отрицание
I would not enjoy
You would not enjoy
He would not enjoy
She would not enjoy
It would not enjoy
We would not enjoy
You would not enjoy
They would not enjoy
Вопрос
Would I enjoy?
Would you enjoy?
Would he enjoy?
Would she enjoy?
Would it enjoy?
Would we enjoy?
Would you enjoy?
Would they enjoy?
Enjoy in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
I would be enjoying
You would be enjoying
He would be enjoying
She would be enjoying
It would be enjoying
We would be enjoying
You would be enjoying
They would be enjoying
Отрицание
I would not be enjoying
You would not be enjoying
He would not be enjoying
She would not be enjoying
It would not be enjoying
We would not be enjoying
You would not be enjoying
They would not be enjoying
Вопрос
Would I be enjoying?
Would you be enjoying?
Would he be enjoying?
Would she be enjoying?
Would it be enjoying?
Would we be enjoying?
Would you be enjoying?
Would they be enjoying?
Enjoy in conditional perfect
Утверждение
I would have enjoyed
You would have enjoyed
He would have enjoyed
She would have enjoyed
It would have enjoyed
We would have enjoyed
You would have enjoyed
They would have enjoyed
Отрицание
I would not have enjoyed
You would not have enjoyed
He would not have enjoyed
She would not have enjoyed
It would not have enjoyed
We would not have enjoyed
You would not have enjoyed
They would not have enjoyed
Вопрос
Would I have enjoyed?
Would you have enjoyed?
Would he have enjoyed?
Would she have enjoyed?
Would it have enjoyed?
Would we have enjoyed?
Would you have enjoyed?
Would they have enjoyed?
Enjoy in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been enjoying
You would have been enjoying
He would have been enjoying
She would have been enjoying
It would have been enjoying
We would have been enjoying
You would have been enjoying
They would have been enjoying
Отрицание
I would not have been enjoying
You would not have been enjoying
He would not have been enjoying
She would not have been enjoying
It would not have been enjoying
We would not have been enjoying
You would not have been enjoying
They would not have been enjoying
Вопрос
Would I have been enjoying?
Would you have been enjoying?
Would he have been enjoying?
Would she have been enjoying?
Would it have been enjoying?
Would we have been enjoying?
Would you have been enjoying?
Would they have been enjoying?
✖❤Мне помогла статьянет оценок
Idiomaexpange.ru
|
|||||
Indicative | |||||
PresentI enjoy |
Present continuousI am enjoying |
Past simpleI have enjoyed we have enjoyed you have enjoyed they have enjoyed |
Past continuousI have been enjoying |
||
Present perfectI will enjoy |
Present perfect continuousI will be enjoying |
Past perfectI will have enjoyed he will have enjoyed we will have enjoyed you will have enjoyed they will have enjoyed |
Past perfect continuousI will have been enjoying |
||
FutureI enjoyed |
Future continuousI had enjoyed |
Future perfectI had been enjoyingyou had been enjoying he had been enjoying we had been enjoying you had been enjoying they had been enjoying |
Future perfect continuousI was enjoying |
||
Conditionals | |||||
PresentI would enjoy |
Present continuousI would be enjoying they would be enjoying |
PastI would have enjoyed |
Past continuousI would have been enjoying |
      | |
Imperative | Infinitive | ||||
Imperativeenjoy |
Infinitiveto enjoy |
||||
conjugation.ru
Non-continuous verbs: исключения — Lingua-Airlines.ru
28 февраля 2018
858
В прошлый раз мы говорили о глаголах состояния– state verbs – и предупреждали, что их нельзя использовать в форме Continuous. Но английская грамматика на практике не такая строгая и однозначная. В некоторых случаях часть этих глаголов все же можно поставить в длительную форму – но только в определенном значении. Давайте поговорим об этих глаголах и таких случаях. А чтобы было проще разобраться в них и запомнить, будем рассматривать их по порядку – по группам, как в предыдущей статье.
Глаголы из группы эмоционального состояния в некоторых случаях можно использовать в форме Continuous, если вы хотите подчеркнуть силу эмоции – показать, как сильно вы хотите выразить свои искренние чувства. В переводе на русский язык нужно использовать дополнительные лексические средства, чтобы передать смысл этого нарушения правила.
Например,
I hate that guy. – Я ненавижу этого парня.
I’m hating that guy! – Я так ненавижу этого парня!
Особенности глаголов think и expect
Из группы глаголов умственного восприятия есть два основных примера, с которыми иногда возникают трудности: это think и expect. Дело в том, что у слова think есть разные значения: думать – в смысле иметь мнение/считать/верить, и думать – размышлять/продумывать. В первом случае невозможно поставить глагол в Continuous, так как значение статично. А во втором – можно, ведь размышление – это длительный и конечный процесс.
То же самое обстоит с глаголом expect: в значении «ожидать» он подходит под форму Continuous, а в значении «думать, считать» — нет.
I think he’s lazy. – Я думаю, он ленивый.
I’m thinking of changing a job. – Я подумываю сменить работу.
Глаголы чувственного восприятия
О разнице в значениях глаголов чувственного восприятия мы уже упоминали. Обратите внимание, что почти все эти глаголы имеют двойственный смысл: smell – нюхать и пахнуть, feel – чувствовать и быть на ощупь, taste – пробовать и быть на вкус. Если глагол выражает активное действие, то, конечно, его можно поставить в форму Continuous.
This towel feels like silk. – Это полотенце на ощупь, как шелк.
I feel exhausted. – Я чувствую себя вымотанным.
Исключения в группе абстрактных глаголов
В самой большой группе абстрактных глаголов есть несколько исключений, которые могут использоваться в разных значениях. Если have в значении «иметь» это статичный глагол, то в форме Continuous могут употребляться такие варианты, как: have a rest, have a shower, have dinner и так далее. Также обратите внимание на такие примеры: fit – подходить по размеру – это non-continuous verb, но fit – подгонять – можно использовать в Continuous.
This dress doesn’t fit you. – Это платье тебе не подходит.
Can you fit this case for my phone? – Ты можешь установить этот чехол на мой телефон?
На самом деле таких глаголов больше, чем мы упомянули. Мы рекомендуем не заучивать их наизусть, а понять принцип использования формы Continuous и анализировать значения глаголов в контексте. Попробуйте прямо сейчас – пройдите тест.
Тест: Simple or Continuous.
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Как использовать The Present Continuous Tense в английском языке
Продолжение серии статей, посвященных временам в английском языке.
Образование Present Continuous Tense.
Present Continuous Tense выражает действие как процесс, то есть действие, продолжающееся в момент речи или в настоящий период времени.
Present Continuous образуется из вспомогательного глагола to be в Present Indefinite и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) основного глагола.
Present Participle образуется добавление окончания -ing к инфинитиву основного глагола без частицы to.
read+ing — reading
work+ing — working
I am working (I’m working)
(Я работаю)
He is working (He’s working)
(Он работает)
She is working (She’s working)
(Она работает)
It is working (It’s working)
(Это работает)
В скобках представлены сокращенные формы, которые употребляются в устной речи.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
Are the boys playing football?
(Мальчики играют в футбол?)
Is he working in the garden?
(Он сейчас работает в саду?)
В отрицательной форме после вспомогательного глагола употребляется частица not:
The girls are not singing.
(Девочки сейчас не поют)
В вопросительно-отрицательных предложениях вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, а частица not — после подлежащего.
Am I now preparing for my examinations?
(Разве я не готовлюсь к экзаменам?)
Употребление Present Continuous.
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, происходящего в момент речи:
Why are you crying?
(Почему ты плачешь?)
You are not listening to me.
(Ты не слушаешь меня)
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения длительного времени, хоть и не обязательно в момент речи:
What are you doing here in Paris?
(Что вы делаете здесь, в Париже?)
I’m studying at Sorbonne.
(Я учусь в Сорбонне)
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения для выражения длительного действия, происходящего одновременно с другим действием в настоящем времени:
I’m only happy when I’m working.
(Я счастлив лишь тогда, когда работаю)
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения запланированного будущего действия, особенно с глаголами, обозначающими движение. В этом случае обязательно употребляется обстоятельство времени:
We’re flying to Paris in the morning.
(Мы улетаем в Париж утром)
Is he coming tonight?
(Он придет сегодня вечером?)
Глагол to go в Present Continuous с инфинитивом другого глагола означает намерение выполнить действие в самом близком будущем и придает ему оттенок обязательности, неизбежности выполнить действие, обозначенного инфинитивом:
I’m going to speak.
(Я буду говорить)
He’s going to be a teacher.
(Он собирается быть учителем)
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Present Continuous (настоящее длительное время) – АНГЛИЙСКИЙ в полном порядке
Present Continuous – это настоящее длительное время. В отличие от Present Simple, где в образовании участвует одна основа смыслового глагола, Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и смыслового глагола с инговым окончанием (swimming, doing, sleeping и т.д.). Имейте в виду, что глагол to be никак не переводится на русский язык (ведь он лишь помогает образовать время и не имеет лексического значения). Переводить необходимо основной глагол с окончанием -ing.
Утвердительные предложения в Present Continuous
I am building – я строю
You are building – ты строишь
He is building – он строит
She is building – она строит
It is building – оно строит
We are building – мы строим
You are building – вы строите
They are building – они строят
Утвердительные предложения в Present Continuous образуется при помощи глаголов am, is, are и смыслового глагола с окончанием -ing. Форма am используется только после местоимения I, форма is – после he, she, it, форма are – после we, you, they.
При присоединении окончания –ing к смысловому глаголу происходят следующие изменения:
• выпадает непроизносимая –е на конце глагола:
make – making
take – taking
• удваивается конечная согласная в односложных словах:
stop – stopping
hit – hitting
put – putting
• удваивается конечная согласная в многосложных словах, если данная согласная стоит после ударного слога:
occur – occurring
forget – forgetting
• всегда удваивается конечная -l:
travel – travelling
fulfil – fulfilling
• конечная -y не претерпевает никаких изменений ни при каких условиях:
stay – staying
carry – carrying
• конечная -ie меняется на -y:
lie – lying
die – dying
Личные местоимения и глаголы am, is, are могут иметь слитные формы:
I’m building
You’re building
He’s building
She’s building
It’s building
We’re building
You’re building
They’re building
Таким образом следующие предложения имеют одинаковое значение:
I am building. = I’m building. – Я строю.
You are building. = You’re building. – Ты строишь. Вы строите.
He is building. = He’s building. – Он строит.
Отрицательные предложения в Present Continuous
I am not building – я не строю
You are not building – ты не строишь
He is not building – он не строит
She is not building – она не строит
It is not building – оно не строит
We are not building – мы не строим
You are not building – вы не строите
They are not building – они не строят
В отрицательных предложениях в Present Continuous после вспомогательных глаголов am, is, are ставится not. Глаголы are, is и частица not могут иметь слитные формы aren’t и isn’t соответственно. Таким образом, следующие предложения имеют одинаковое значение:
You are not building. = You aren’t building. – Ты не строишь. Вы не строите.
He is not building. = He isn’t building. – Он не строит.
Глагол am и частица not сливаться не могут.
Вопросительные предложения в Present Continuous
Am I building? – строю ли я?
Are you building? – строишь ли ты?
Is he building? – строит ли он?
Is she building? – строит ли она?
Is it building? – строит ли оно?
Are we building? – строим ли мы?
Are you building? – строите ли вы?
Are they building? – строят ли они?
На вопросы можно отвечать кратко, используя глаголы am, is и are:
Are you building? – Yes, I am.
Ты строишь? – Да.
Are you building? – No, I am not. (либо: No, I’m not.)
Ты строишь? – Нет.
Is he building? – Yes, he is.
Он строит? – Да.
Is he building? – No, he is not. (либо: No, he isn’t.)
Он строит? – Нет.
Are they building? – Yes, they are.
Они строят? – Да.
Are they building? – No, they are not. (либо: No, they aren’t.)
Они строят? – Нет.
Present Continuous для действия в текущий момент
Present Continuous называет действие, которое совершается в текущий момент, т.е. здесь и сейчас:
I am writing an essay. – Я пишу сочинение. (т.е. процесс написания сочинения происходит здесь и сейчас)
Present Continuous для действия в текущий период
Present Continuous называет действие, которое совершается в текущий период времени, не обязательно здесь и сейчас, но в эти часы (в эти дни и т.п.):
Could you lend me the book you bought yesterday? – Sorry, I can’t, I’m reading it myself.
Ты не мог бы одолжить мне книгу, которую купил вчера? – К сожалению, не могу, я сам ее читаю (т.е. процесс чтения книги не обязательно происходит прямо здесь и сейчас, но он происходит в эти дни).
Where are you staying? – I’m staying at my friends’.
Где вы остановились? – Я остановился у своих друзей (т.е. здесь и сейчас я могу быть в любом месте, но вообще в эти дни я проживаю у друзей).
Present Continuous для запланированного действия
Present Continuous называет действие, которое запланировано на ближайшее будущее:
We’re going to the cinema this afternoon. – Мы идем в кино сегодня днем. (т.е. мы запланировали поход в кино; возможно, уже купили билеты и т.п.)
Present Continuous для происходящего изменения
Present Continuous называет происходящее в настоящий момент изменение:
She is getting thinner and thinner. – Она худеет и худеет. (т.е. она меняется)
Present Continuous для критического замечания
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения критического замечания с использованием слов always (всегда), constantly (постоянно), all the time (все время) и т.п.:
You’re always coming late! – Ты вечно опаздываешь!
He’s constantly getting into trouble. – Он вечно попадает в неприятности.
Present Continuous для описание ситуации
Present Continuous употребляется для описания ситуации при изложении повествования в настоящем времени:
Аnd so I аm standing there and minding my own business when this policeman comes up to me. – И вот я стою там, никого не трогаю, когда этот полицейский подходит ко мне.
ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ
Ряд глаголов не может использоваться в Present Continuous: have (в значении “иметь, владеть”), like (любить, нравиться), love (любить), hate (ненавидеть), want (хотеть), know (знать), remember (помнить), forget (забывать), understand (понимать), think (в значении “думать, полагать”), believe (верить), cost (стоить) и т.п. Нельзя сказать, например, I am wanting (я хочу), но только I want.
Некоторые глаголы употребляются в Present Continuous в измененном значении.
think: в значении “думать, считать, полагать” употребляется в только Present Simple; в значении “думать, раздумывать, размышлять” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
I think you are right. – Думаю (считаю, полагаю), что ты прав.
I am thinking about moving to Canada. – Я думаю (раздумываю, размышляю) о переезде в Канаду.
have: в значении “иметь, владеть, обладать” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “переживать, испытывать, осуществлять” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
She has a hamster. – У нее есть хомяк (т.е. она владеет хомяком).
She is having a difficult time at work. – Она переживает на работе трудное время.
She is having lunch now. – Она сейчас обедает (т.е. она осуществляет обед).
see: в значении “видеть, зрительно воспринимать” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “видеться, встречаться” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
I don’t see you. – Я не вижу тебя.
I am seeing Lisa in the afternoon. – Я встречаюсь с Лизой днем.
taste: в значении “иметь вкус” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “пробовать на вкус” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
The chicken tastes salty. – Курица соленая (т.е. имеет соленый вкус).
I am tasting the soup to see if it is salty enough. – Я пробую суп, чтобы узнать, достаточно ли он соленый.
smell: в значении “иметь запах” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “нюхать” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
The perfume smells flowery. – Духи имеют цветочный аромат.
She is smelling the roses. – Она нюхает розы.
appear: в значении “казаться” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “появляться” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
She appears to be having a great time. – Кажется, она хорошо проводит время.
Paul is appearing in a new theatre production. – Пол играет (появляется) в новой постановке театра.
fit: в значении “подходить, быть в пору” употребляется только в Present Simple; в значении “приспосабливать, монтировать” – может использоваться в Present Continuous.
The trousers fit perfectly. – Брюки идеально подходят.
Tim is fitting a new door in the garage. – Тим мастерит новую дверь в гараже.
Глаголы enjoy (получать удовольствие), feel (чувствовать), look (выглядеть), hurt (доставлять боль), ache (доставлять боль) могут употребляться как в Present Simple, так и в Present Continuous без изменения значения.
Jack really enjoys reading crime novels. – Джек по-настоящему получает удовольствие от чтения детективных романов.
He is enjoying the party very much. – Он получает удовольствие от вечеринки.
She looks very beautifully. – Она выглядит очень красиво.
She is looking very beautifully. – Она выглядит очень красиво.
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